Geology General Terms igneous ­ Igneous rocks are formed from volcanic action. sedimentary ǭ Limestone is a sedimentary rock. metamorphic ٓp Granite is a metamophic rock. temperature x Water boils at a temperature of 100 C. climate Cԗ The climate in Japan is quite wet. core j At the center of the Earth is the core. mantle }g The mantle is below the crust. crust nk The crust forms the surface of the Earth. layer w The atmosphere has various layers. plate tectonics vԪ[geNgjNX Continents move because of plate tectonics. pressure Pressure between plates causes earthquakes. glacier X Glaciers covered Canada over 10,000 years ago. ice age Xɜ The Earth has experienced several ice ages. desert Deserts are very dry most of the time. sand Sand is formed by wave action. erosion ZH Erosion is a big problem for farmers. precipitation ~Ʒ Precipitation comes as rain or snow. evaporation Evaporation in the tropics happens quickly. fossil fuels R Most of the world's energy is from fossil fuels. Minerals and Rocks z𬭮ɉ carbon Yf phosphorus ɰ_ quartz p granite ﭱɉ limestone Dɉ sandstone ɉ silicon ]f copper tin ڈ platinum ш nickel jbP zinc coal Y petroleum basalt Լɉ Volcanos R lava nɉ The lava flowed from the volcano. magma }O} When lava cools it is called magma. crater NԪ[^[ The view into Fuji's crater is beautiful. Earthquakes nk fault fw Japan has several major fault lines. magnitude }Oj`[h The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0. seismic nk There's been a lot of seismic activity lately. tidal wave g The tidal wave caused a lot of damage. Oceans Cm current ­ England enjoys the warm Gulf current . tide The tide comes in and out every day. wave g The high waves made the beach disappear. coast Cɠ The Shakotan coast is beautiful. beach l Beaches in Thailand have really nice sand. trench Ca There are some forms of life at the bottom of trenches. continental shelf ΌI Many fish live near the continental shelf. drift g Continents are drifting as we speak. Verbs decay ŗ᭎ The isotope in the rock decayed slowly. erupt ᭎ The volcano erupted twice this year. flow 㨭᭎ The lava flowed into the village. solidify ԁ᭎ After several hours the lava solidified. crystalize Ѷȭ᭎ The sugar solution crystallized deposit ᭎ The glacier deposited the sediment. melt nݭ᭎ Ice melts above 0C. freeze ѭ᭎ Water freezes below 0 C. weather ȭ᭎ The rock gradually weathered. expand g⣭᭎ The ice expanded as it froze. contract [k'ntrak] ڞk᭎ The metal contracted in the cold temperature. Adjectives `e permanent iv The reaction caused a permanent change. temporary ÐI The change was only temporary. gradual X The decay was very gradual. abrupt } The compound abruptly became unstable. fluid After heating, the metal became fluid. solid ԁ When liquids are cooled they often become solid. liquid t When solids are heated they often become liquid. magnetic ڴǭʭ The metal had a magnetic force.