Civil Engineering General Terms insulation 鈌銶 Insulation helps keep us warm in the winter. moisture 诠袰 Too much moisture can cause mold. ventilation 怄瘅 This room doesn't have enough ventilation. construction 趝貶 The road has been under construction for a month. roof 浓倩 The roof has a hole in it. ceiling 鉜脢 The ceiling needs more support. stairs 蒏鈏 The stairs are a bit too narrow. floor 丁 The floor has to be raised 30 cms. erosion 芞艸 Erosion is a big problem for farmers. precipitation 賬品 Precipitation comes as rain or snow. evaporation 稓湫 Evaporation in the tropics happens quickly. fossil fuels 湃齐銻骼 Most of the world's energy is from fossil fuels. stress 捧麝 The heavy truck put stress on the bridge. strain 瓲 There was great strin on the cable before it broke. vector 皒癗癵把 Velocity is an example of a vector. direction 馂詿 Which direction was the object moving. load 抛禿 What is the maximum load that bridge will take. limit 运蒃 The strain on the cable reached its limit. flexibility 禵銛魄 The beam's flexibility was impressive. temperature 裴鉿 The water's temperature is over 90o pressure 靡麝 The air in tires is under pressure. force 麝 The force of gravity makes things fall to earth. formula 詺讪 There is a formula to calculate distance. heat 銶 Heat can cause some materials to contract coordinates 偎餡 Using the coordinates, we found the exact position. draft 迫苶 The draft was used to make the blueprint. blueprint 棋贌瓘 We need a blueprint before we can begin. beam 瓘 The beam was used to support the ceiling. screw  The screw needed to be tighened. bolt 皗把癵 The bolt was fastened to the piece of metal. nut 癷癰癵 The nut was screwed around the bolt. Earthquakes 鈔苉 fault 鈌蝫 Japan has several major fault lines. magnitude 皚癘癹癭胺猍癶 The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0. seismic 鈔苉 There's been a lot of seismic activity lately. tidal wave 馓鋑 The tidal wave caused a lot of damage. Materials metal 褕唯 copper 慵 aluminum 癆把皛癹癊哎 steel 質鉙 ceramics 悌蓲 tin 趫 carbon 釿蝔 platinum 溻褕 concrete 癛般癗吧猍癵 iron 鉙 nickel 癹癰癙把 coal 齐釿 alloy 俳褕 zinc 媚配 oil 齐鰹 bronze 棋慵 oxygen 赺蝔 lumber 霪俎 Environment 慑亚 sewage 偶品睹 The sewage pipe under the rode has broken. drain 鋙品詾 The drain emptied the water into the river. sanitation 舚气 The janitor called himself a "sanitation engineer". pollution 霹茮 You can't swim in the river because of the pollution. Verbs collapse 饸艞瓗 The building collapsed in the earthquake. corrode 鸱艸瓗 Iron corrodes easily. rust 瓌瓗 Stainless steel will not rust. bend 瓎瓗 After the earthquake, the beam was bent. soften 銛湃瓗 If you heat the metal, it will soften. harden 賒湃瓗 As the metal cools, it hardens. boil 鹣闱瓗 Water boils at 100 緾. burn 銻秬瓗 Dry wood burners quicker than wet wood. heat 裴瓗 The solution was heated to 90 緾 cool 鲏裵瓗 The liquid was cooled to just above freezing. measure 位鈴瓗 Measure the volume before you heat it. increase 喷瓗 Don't increase the temperature too quickly. decrease 渣缎瓗 The pressure decreased rapidly. expand 蒰猓瓗 The ice expanded as it froze. contract [k'n鴗rak] 跒秌瓗 The metal contracted in the cold temperature. evaporate 稓湫瓗 The water quickly evaporated. weld 鱪乞瓗They welded a steel plate onto the plane's wing. melt 鱪泡瓗 Ice melts above 0緾. freeze 悭匝瓗 Water freezes below 0 緾. weather 瘅湃瓗 The rock gradually weathered. reinforce 饓研瓗 Use this beam to reinforce the ceiling. Adjectives rigid 赠 The material became rigid in the cold temperature. plastic 蝁魄 Wax is a plastic substance. elastic 鈋魄 Rubber is an elastic material. brittle 瓐瓚 The material becomes brittle when it's cold. positive 埔 All numbers greater than zero are positive. negative 鹋 All numbers less than zero are negative. magnetic 诖魄瓗 The metal had a magnetic force. permanent 舏裿 The reaction caused a permanent change. temporary 脨邗鉏 The change was only temporary. gradual 耳猉瓋 The decay was very gradual. abrupt 複瓋 The compound abruptly became unstable. tight  The bolt was too tight to loosen by hand. loose 瓓瓗 The screw was fastened very loosely.